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  <id>371555</id>
  <name><![CDATA[Humberto R. Maturana]]></name>
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  <id type="integer">695440</id>
  <isbn>0877736421</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780877736424</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Tree of Knowledge]]>
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  <average_rating>4.05</average_rating>
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    <![CDATA[&quot;Knowing how we know&quot; is the subject of this book. Its authors present a new view of cognition that has important social and ethical implications, for, they assert, the only world we humans can have is the one we create together through the actions of our coexistence. Written for a general audience as well as for students, scholars, and scientists and abundantly illustrated with examples from biology, linguistics, and new social and cultural phenomena, this revised edition includes a new afterword by Dr. Varela, in which he discusses the effect the book has had in the years since its first publication.]]>
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    <id>371555</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Humberto R. Maturana]]></name>
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  </authors>  <published>1987</published>
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">695442</id>
  <isbn>9027710163</isbn>
  <isbn13>9789027710161</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Autopoiesis and Cognition The Realization of the Living]]>
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    <![CDATA[What makes a living system a living system? What kind of biological phenomenon is the phenomenon of cognition? These two questions have been frequently considered, but, in this volume, the authors consider them as concrete biological questions. Their analysis is bold and provocative, for the authors have constructed a systematic theoretical biology which attempts to define living systems not as objects of observation and description, nor even as interacting systems, but as self-contained unities whose only reference is to themselves. The consequence of their investigations and of their living systems as self-making, self-referring autonomous unities, is that they discovered that the two questions have a common answer: living systems are cognitive systems, and living as a process is a process of cognition. The result of their investigations is a completely new perspective of biological (human) phenomena. During the investigations, it was found that a complete linguistic description pertaining to the &#8216;organization of the living&#8217; was lacking and, in fact, was hampering the reporting of results. Hence, the authors have coined the word &#8216;autopoiesis&#8217; to replace the expression &#8216;circular organization&#8217;. Autopoiesis conveys, by itself, the central feature of the organization of the living, which is autonomy.]]>
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    <author>
    <id>371555</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Humberto R. Maturana]]></name>
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    <ratings_count>69</ratings_count>
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  </authors>  <published>1991</published>
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">1420535</id>
  <isbn>1845400887</isbn>
  <isbn13>9781845400880</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">1</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[The Origin of Humanness in the Biology of Love]]>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1420535.The_Origin_of_Humanness_in_the_Biology_of_Love</link>
  <average_rating>4.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>3</ratings_count>
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    <![CDATA[The central concern of this book is us human beings. The authors? basic question is: ?How is it that we can live in mutual care, have ethical concerns, and at the same time deny all that through the rational justification of aggression?? The authors answer this basic question indirectly by providing a look into the fundaments of our biological constitution, concentrating on what they term the emotioning, the preferences of living that guide the flow of the systemic conservation through systemic reproduction of the manner of living conserved. Humberto Maturana is renowned for developing the theory of autopoesis. He was founder-director of the Laboratory for Experimental Epistemology and the Biology of Cognition at the University of Chile in Santiago.]]>
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    <id>371555</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Humberto R. Maturana]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/371555.Humberto_R_Maturana]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.14</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>69</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>12</text_reviews_count>
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  </authors>  <published>2007</published>
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">4798391</id>
  <isbn>8572420320</isbn>
  <isbn13>9788572420327</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[A árvore do conhecimento: as bases biológicas da compreensão humana]]>
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  <average_rating>5.00</average_rating>
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    <![CDATA[(por Livraria Cultura)<br/><br/>Os autores mostram que a idéia de que o mundo não é pré-dado, e que o construímos ao longo de nossa interação com ele, não é apenas teórica; apóia-se em evidências concretas. Várias delas estão expostas - com a freqüente utilização de exemplos e relatos de experimentos - nas páginas deste livro. As teorias dos dois autores constituem uma concepção original e desafiadora, cujas conseqüências éticas agora começam a ser percebidas com crescente nitidez. ]]>
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        <name><![CDATA[Humberto R. Maturana]]></name>
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    <average_rating>4.14</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>69</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>12</text_reviews_count>
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    <id>60727</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Francisco J. Varela]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/60727.Francisco_J_Varela]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.23</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>78</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>8</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2001</published>
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">2678245</id>
  <isbn>9561112117</isbn>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[De máquinas y seres vivos]]>
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  <ratings_count>2</ratings_count>
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    <![CDATA[]]>
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        <name><![CDATA[Humberto R. Maturana]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/371555.Humberto_R_Maturana]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.14</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>69</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>12</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
    <author>
    <id>60727</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Francisco J. Varela]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <average_rating>4.23</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>78</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>8</text_reviews_count>
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  </authors>  <published>1994</published>
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">744235</id>
  <isbn>3442114608</isbn>
  <isbn13>9783442114603</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Der Baum der Erkenntnis. Die biologischen Wurzeln des menschlichen Erkennens.]]>
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  <average_rating>5.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>1</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[]]>
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        <name><![CDATA[Humberto R. Maturana]]></name>
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    <average_rating>4.14</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>69</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>12</text_reviews_count>
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    <id>60727</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Francisco J. Varela]]></name>
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    <average_rating>4.23</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>78</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>8</text_reviews_count>
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  </authors>  <published>1990</published>
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">695444</id>
  <isbn>9870003583</isbn>
  <isbn13>9789870003588</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[El Arbol del Conocimiento]]>
  </title>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/695444.El_Arbol_del_Conocimiento</link>
  <average_rating>5.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>1</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[Un clasico del pensamiento contemporaneo. Esta obra centra su atencion en el conocimiento del &quot;&quot;como conocemos&quot;&quot;, o bien, de la manera en que cada individuo logra su propio conocimiento de si y del mundo en que vivimos.]]>
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    <id>371555</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Humberto R. Maturana]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/371555.Humberto_R_Maturana]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.14</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>69</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>12</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
    <author>
    <id>60727</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Francisco J. Varela]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/60727.Francisco_J_Varela]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.23</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>78</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>8</text_reviews_count>
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  </authors>  <published>2004</published>
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">744236</id>
  <isbn>3442150930</isbn>
  <isbn13>9783442150939</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">1</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Was ist Erkennen? Die Welt entsteht im Auge des Betrachters.]]>
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  <ratings_count>1</ratings_count>
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    <![CDATA[]]>
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        <name><![CDATA[Humberto R. Maturana]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/371555.Humberto_R_Maturana]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.14</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>69</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>12</text_reviews_count>
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  </authors>  <published>2001</published>
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">744240</id>
  <isbn>8474444098</isbn>
  <isbn13>9788474444094</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[El arbol del conocimiento: Las bases biológicas del conocimiento humano]]>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/744240.El_arbol_del_conocimiento_Las_bases_biol_gicas_del_conocimiento_humano</link>
  <average_rating>2.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>1</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[]]>
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    <id>371555</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Humberto R. Maturana]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/371555.Humberto_R_Maturana]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.14</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>69</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>12</text_reviews_count>
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  </authors>  <published>1990</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">6606490</id>
  <isbn>359617855X</isbn>
  <isbn13>9783596178551</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Der Baum der Erkenntnis: Die biologischen Wurzeln menschlichen Erkennens]]>
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  <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
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  <description>
    <![CDATA[]]>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/371555.Humberto_R_Maturana]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.14</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>69</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>12</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
    <author>
    <id>60727</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Francisco J. Varela]]></name>
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    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/60727.Francisco_J_Varela]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.23</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>78</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>8</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
    <author>
    <id>2982839</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Kurt Ludewig]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/2982839.Kurt_Ludewig]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.00</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>1</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>0</text_reviews_count>
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  </authors>  <published>2009</published>
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