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  <id>31700</id>
  <name><![CDATA[Stephen Gaukroger]]></name>
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  <id type="integer">350724</id>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Descartes: The World and Other Writings]]>
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    <![CDATA[Descartes' The World offers the most comprehensive vision of the nature of the world since Aristotle, and is crucial for an understanding of his later writings, in particular the Meditations and Principles of Philosophy. Above all, it provides an insight into how Descartes conceived of natural philosophy before he started to reformulate his doctrines in terms of a skeptically-driven epistemology. This volume offers a new translation of the work together with related writings that illuminate it, including the first English translation of the complete text of The Description of the Human Body.]]>
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  </authors>  <published>2006</published>
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">352189</id>
  <isbn>0198239947</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780198239949</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Descartes - An Intellectual Biography]]>
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  <average_rating>4.00</average_rating>
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    <![CDATA[Descartes is one of the greatest of all thinkers.  Modern philosophy is generally taken to begin with him.  His unique contribution to Western thought covers not only philosophy but also science and mathematics; his studies in mechanics and optics have provided modern science with tools still used and work still built on today.    This is the first intellectual biography of Descartes in English.  Stephen Gaukroger traces his intellectual development from childhood, establishes the connections between his intellectual and personal life, and placing these in the context of the cultural environment of the time, offers a fundamental reassessment of all aspects of his life and work.  It is usually assumed that there is a little development in Descartes' thought, but this biography shows evidence of very significant changes of view and a general shift in his concern away from natural philosophy following the condemnation of Galileo by the Church in 1633.   Starting with a full account of Descartes' early scientific work, Dr Gaukroger shows how it informed and influenced his later philosophical studies.  On this new view, Descartes' philosophical work was meant not a self-contained exercise in epistemology and scepticism, but rather as a defence of his physical doctrines against a hostile Church.    This book allows for the first time a full understanding of Descartes' ideas in the context of his life and times.  It will be welcomed by all readers interested in the origins of modern thought.]]>
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    <id>31700</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Stephen Gaukroger]]></name>
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  </authors>  <published>2002</published>
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">1945488</id>
  <isbn>0521805368</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780521805360</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early-Modern Philosophy]]>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1945488.Francis_Bacon_and_the_Transformation_of_Early_Modern_Philosophy</link>
  <average_rating>3.00</average_rating>
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  <description>
    <![CDATA[This ambitious and important book provides the first truly general account of Francis Bacon as a philosopher.  It explores in detail how and why Bacon attempted to transform the largely esoteric discipline of natural philosophy into a public practice through a program in which practical science provided a model that inspired many from the 17th to the 20th centuries. This book will be recognized as a major contribution to Baconian scholarship of special interest to historians of early modern philosophy, science, and ideas.]]>
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    <id>31700</id>
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  </authors>  <published>2001</published>
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">7263748</id>
  <isbn>0521801540</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780521801546</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early-Modern Philosophy]]>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7263748-francis-bacon-and-the-transformation-of-early-modern-philosophy</link>
  <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
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  <description>
    <![CDATA[This ambitious and important book provides the first truly general account of Francis Bacon as a philosopher.  It explores in detail how and why Bacon attempted to transform the largely esoteric discipline of natural philosophy into a public practice through a program in which practical science provided a model that inspired many from the 17th to the 20th centuries. This book will be recognized as a major contribution to Baconian scholarship of special interest to historians of early modern philosophy, science, and ideas.]]>
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<authors>
    <author>
    <id>31700</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Stephen Gaukroger]]></name>
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    <average_rating>3.57</average_rating>
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  </authors>  <published>2001</published>
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">6716203</id>
  <isbn>0801038731</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780801038730</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[The Book of Acts: Free to Live]]>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6716203-the-book-of-acts</link>
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  <description>
    <![CDATA[]]>
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    <author>
    <id>31700</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Stephen Gaukroger]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/31700.Stephen_Gaukroger]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.57</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>7</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
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  </authors>  <published>1994</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">6490765</id>
  <isbn>0199550018</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780199550012</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[The Emergence of a Scientific Culture: Science and the Shaping of Modernity 1210-1685]]>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6490765-the-emergence-of-a-scientific-culture</link>
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    <![CDATA[Why did science emerge in the West and how did scientific values come to be regarded as the yardstick for all other forms of knowledge? Stephen Gaukroger shows just how bitterly the cognitive and cultural standing of science was contested in its early development. Rejecting the traditional picture of secularization, he argues that science in the seventeenth century emerged not in opposition to religion but rather was in many respects driven by it. Moreover, science did not present a unified picture of nature but was an unstable field of different, often locally successful but just as often incompatible, programmes. To complicate matters, much depended on attempts to reshape the persona of the natural philosopher, and distinctive new notions of objectivity and impartiality were imported into natural philosophy, changing its character radically by redefining the qualities of its practitioners. <br/>  The West's sense of itself, its relation to its past, and its sense of its future, have been profoundly altered since the seventeenth century, as cognitive values generally have gradually come to be shaped around scientific ones. Science has not merely brought a new set of such values to the task of understanding the world and our place in it, but rather has completely transformed the task, redefining the goals of enquiry. This distinctive feature of the development of a scientific culture in the West marks it out from other scientifically productive cultures. In The Emergence of a Scientific Culture, Stephen Gaukroger offers a detailed and comprehensive account of the formative stages of this development--and one which challenges the received wisdom that science was seen to be self-evidently the correct path to knowledge and that the benefits of science were immediately obvious to the disinterested observer.]]>
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<authors>
    <author>
    <id>31700</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Stephen Gaukroger]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/31700.Stephen_Gaukroger]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.57</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>7</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
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  </authors>  <published>2009</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">5944772</id>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[The Philosopher in Early Modern Europe]]>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/5944772.The_Philosopher_in_Early_Modern_Europe</link>
  <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
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  <description>
    <![CDATA[In this groundbreaking collection of essays the history of philosophy appears in a new light, not as reason's progressive discovery of its universal conditions, but as a series of unreconciled disputes over the proper way to conduct oneself as a philosopher. By shifting focus from the philosopher as proxy for the universal subject of reason to the philosopher as a special persona arising from rival forms of self-cultivation, philosophy is approached in terms of the social office and intellectual deportment of the philosopher, as a personage with a definite moral physiognomy and institutional setting. In so doing, this collection of essays by leading figures in the fields of both philosophy and the history of ideas provides access to key early modern disputes over what it meant to be a philosopher, and to the institutional and larger political and religious contexts in which such disputes took place.]]>
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    <author>
    <id>31700</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Stephen Gaukroger]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/31700.Stephen_Gaukroger]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.57</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>7</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
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    <author>
    <id>382099</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Conal Condren]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/382099.Conal_Condren]]></link>
    <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
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    <author>
    <id>383460</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Ian Hunter]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/383460.Ian_Hunter]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.91</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>22</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>5</text_reviews_count>
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  </authors>  <published>2007</published>
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">5873403</id>
  <isbn>1854243993</isbn>
  <isbn13>9781854243997</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Double Cream]]>
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  <description>
    <![CDATA[]]>
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    <id>31700</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Stephen Gaukroger]]></name>
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    <average_rating>3.57</average_rating>
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    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
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    <author>
    <id>1069111</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Nick Mercer]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1069111.Nick_Mercer]]></link>
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  </authors>  <published>1998</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">5873402</id>
  <isbn>0862017149</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780862017149</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Frogs in Cream]]>
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    <id>31700</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Stephen Gaukroger]]></name>
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    <average_rating>3.57</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>7</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
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    <author>
    <id>1069111</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Nick Mercer]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
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  </authors>  <published>1990</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">5544318</id>
  <isbn>0415219930</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780415219938</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Descartes' Natural Philosophy]]>
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  <description>
    <![CDATA[Possibly the most comprehensive collection of essays on Descartes' scientific writings ever published, this volume offers a detailed reassessment of his scientific work and its bearing on his philosophy.  The 35 essays, written by some of the world's leading scholars, cover topics as diverse as optics, cosmology and medicine.  The collection looks at Descartes' work in the sciences as an aspect of his natural-philosophical agenda and discusses: the central place of medicine in Descartes' overall project; the connections between his investigations of specific psychological capacities and his ethics of self-government; and the debates and controversies into which he had his followers were drawn, and their role in shaping Cartesian natural philosophy; and other issues.<br/>Contributors:  Peter Anstey, Jean-Robert Armogathe, Gordon Baker, David Behan, Annie Bitbol-Hespériès, Desmond Clarke, Betsy Decyk, Dennis Des Chene, Véronique Fóti, Daniel Garber, Stephen Gaukroger, PeterHarrison, Gary Hatfield, Trevor McClaughlin, Peter McLaughlin, Katherine Morris, Alberto Guillermo, Timothy Reiss, Peter Schouls, John Schuster, Dennis Sepper, Peter Slezak, John Sutton, Yashiko Tomida, Klaas van Berkel, Theo Verbeek, Catherine Wilson, Celia Wolf-Devine, John Wright, John Yolton.]]>
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    <author>
    <id>31700</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Stephen Gaukroger]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <average_rating>3.57</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>7</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
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  </authors>  <published>2000</published>
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