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  <id>1966</id>
  <name><![CDATA[Robert M. Entman]]></name>
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  <id type="integer">346697</id>
  <isbn>0226210766</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780226210766</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">1</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[The Black Image in the White Mind: Media and Race in America (Harvard Univ. Kennedy School of Gov't Goldsmith Book Prize Winner; Amer. Political Science ... in Communication, Media, and Public Opinion)]]>
  </title>
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  <average_rating>4.11</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>9</ratings_count>
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    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;Winner of the Frank Luther Mott Award for best book in Mass Communication and the Robert E. Lane Award for best book in political psychology.<br/><br/>Living in a segregated society, white Americans learn about African Americans not through personal relationships but through the images the media show them. <em>The Black Image in the White Mind</em> offers the most comprehensive look at the intricate racial patterns in the mass media and how they shape the ambivalent attitudes of Whites toward Blacks. <br/><br/>Using the media, and especially television, as barometers of race relations, Robert Entman and Andrew Rojecki explore but then go beyond the treatment of African Americans on network and local news to incisively uncover the messages sent about race by the entertainment industry-from prime-time dramas and sitcoms to commercials and Hollywood movies. While the authors find very little in the media that intentionally promotes racism, they find even less that advances racial harmony. They reveal instead a subtle pattern of images that, while making room for Blacks, implies a racial hierarchy with Whites on top and promotes a sense of difference and conflict. Commercials, for example, feature plenty of Black characters. But unlike Whites, they rarely speak to or touch one another. In prime time, the few Blacks who escape sitcom buffoonery rarely enjoy informal, friendly contact with White colleagues&#8212;perhaps reinforcing social distance in real life. <br/><br/>Entman and Rojecki interweave such astute observations with candid interviews of White Americans that make clear how these images of racial difference insinuate themselves into Whites' thinking.<br/><br/>Despite its disturbing readings of television and film, the book's cogent analyses and proposed policy guidelines offer hope that America's powerful mediated racial separation can be successfully bridged.&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
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    <author>
    <id>1966</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Robert M. Entman]]></name>
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    <average_rating>3.94</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>17</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2001</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">426155</id>
  <isbn>0226210723</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780226210728</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Projections of Power: Framing News, Public Opinion, and U.S. Foreign Policy]]>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/426155.Projections_of_Power_Framing_News_Public_Opinion_and_U_S_Foreign_Policy</link>
  <average_rating>3.50</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>6</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;To succeed in foreign policy, U.S. presidents have to sell their versions or framings of political events to the news media and to the public. But since the end of the Cold War, journalists have increasingly resisted presidential views, even offering their own spin on events. What, then, determines whether the media will accept or reject the White House perspective? And what consequences does this new media environment have for policymaking and public opinion?<br/><br/>To answer these questions, Robert M. Entman develops a powerful new model of how media framing works&#8212;a model that allows him to explain why the media cheered American victories over small-time dictators in Grenada and Panama but barely noticed the success of far more difficult missions in Haiti and Kosovo. Discussing the practical implications of his model, Entman also suggests ways to more effectively encourage the exchange of ideas between the government and the media and between the media and the public. His book will be an essential guide for political scientists, students of the media, and anyone interested in the increasingly influential role of the media in foreign policy.&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>1966</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Robert M. Entman]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1966.Robert_M_Entman]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.94</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>17</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2003</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">2859</id>
  <isbn>019506576X</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780195065763</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Democracy without Citizens: Media and the Decay of American Politics]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1161662341m/2859.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1161662341s/2859.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2859.Democracy_without_Citizens_Media_and_the_Decay_of_American_Politics</link>
  <average_rating>5.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>1</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&quot;The free press cannot be free,&quot; Robert Entman asserts. &quot;Inevitably, it is dependent.&quot;  In this penetrating critique of American journalism and the political process, Entman identifies a &quot;vicious circle of interdependence&quot; as the key dilemma facing reporters and editors.  To become sophisticated citizens, he argues, Americans need high-quality, independent political journalism; yet, to stay in business while producing such journalism, news organizations would need an audience of sophisticated citizens.  As Entman shows, there is no easy way out of this dilemma, which has encouraged the decay of democratic citizenship as well as the media's continuing failure to live up to their own highest ideals.  Addressing widespread despair over the degeneration of presidential campaigns, Entman argues that the media system virtually compels politicians to practice demagoguery.       Entman confronts a provocative array of issues:  how the media's reliance on elite groups and individuals for information inevitably slants the news, despite adherence to objectivity standards; why the media hold government accountable for its worst errors--such as scandals and foreign misadventures--only after it's too late to prevent them; how the interdependence of the media and their audience molds public opinion in ways neither group alone can control; why greater media competition does not necessarily mean better journalism; why the abolition of the FCC's Fairness Doctrine could make things worse.  Entman sheds fascinating light on important news events of the past decade.  He compares, for example, coverage of the failed hostage rescue in 1980, which subjected President Carter to a barrage of criticism, with coverage of the 1983 bombing that killed 241 Marines in Lebanon, an incident in which President Reagan largely escaped blame.  He shows how various factors unrelated to the reality of the events themselves--the apparent popularity of Reagan and unpopularity of Carter, differences in the way the Presidents publicly framed the incidents, the potent symbols skillfully manipulated by Reagan's but not by Carter's news managers--produced two very different kinds of reportage.       Entman concludes with some thoughtful suggestions for improvement. Chiefly, he proposes the creation of subsidized, party-based news outlets as a way of promoting new modes of news gathering and analysis, of spurring the established media to more innovative coverage, and of increasing political awareness and participation. Such suggestions, along with the author's probing media criticisms, make this book essential reading for anyone concerned about the state of democracy in America.]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>1966</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Robert M. Entman]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1966.Robert_M_Entman]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.94</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>17</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1990</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">304002</id>
  <isbn>0521789761</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780521789769</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1173560356m/304002.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1173560356s/304002.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/304002.Mediated_Politics_Communication_in_the_Future_of_Democracy</link>
  <average_rating>4.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>1</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[This book explores the changing nature of democracy in light of dramatic changes in the media of mass communication: the Internet, the decline of  network television news and the daily newspaper; the growing tendency to treat election campaigns as competing product advertisements; the blurring lines among news, ads, and entertainment. It explores such questions as: Does the Internet make it easier for citizens to find political information? Do today's highly competitive old and new mass media serve the needs of democratic citizenship?  Does the new media environment produce public opinion that is more or less manipulated, or manipulated in new ways?]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>1966</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Robert M. Entman]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1966.Robert_M_Entman]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.94</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>17</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2000</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">6571511</id>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Democracy without Citizens: Media and the Decay of American Politics]]>
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  <image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6571511-democracy-without-citizens</link>
  <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
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  <description>
    <![CDATA[&quot;The free press cannot be free,&quot; Robert Entman asserts. &quot;Inevitably, it is dependent.&quot;  In this penetrating critique of American journalism and the political process, Entman identifies a &quot;vicious circle of interdependence&quot; as the key dilemma facing reporters and editors.  To become sophisticated citizens, he argues, Americans need high-quality, independent political journalism; yet, to stay in business while producing such journalism, news organizations would need an audience of sophisticated citizens.  As Entman shows, there is no easy way out of this dilemma, which has encouraged the decay of democratic citizenship as well as the media's continuing failure to live up to their own highest ideals.  Addressing widespread despair over the degeneration of presidential campaigns, Entman argues that the media system virtually compels politicians to practice demagoguery.<br/>       Entman confronts a provocative array of issues:  how the media's reliance on elite groups and individuals for information inevitably slants the news, despite adherence to objectivity standards; why the media hold government accountable for its worst errors--such as scandals and foreign misadventures--only after it's too late to prevent them; how the interdependence of the media and their audience molds public opinion in ways neither group alone can control; why greater media competition does not necessarily mean better journalism; why the abolition of the FCC's Fairness Doctrine could make things worse.  Entman sheds fascinating light on important news events of the past decade.  He compares, for example, coverage of the failed hostage rescue in 1980, which subjected President Carter to a barrage of criticism, with coverage of the 1983 bombing that killed 241 Marines in Lebanon, an incident in which President Reagan largely escaped blame.  He shows how various factors unrelated to the reality of the events themselves--the apparent popularity of Reagan and unpopularity of Carter, differences in the way the Presidents publically framed the incidents, the potent symbols skillfully manipulated by Reagan's but not by Carter's news managers--produced two very different kinds of reportage.<br/>       Entman concludes with some thoughtful suggestions for improvement. Chiefly, he proposes the creation of subsidized, party-based news outlets as a way of promoting new modes of news gathering and analysis, of spurring the established media to more innovative coverage, and of increasing political awareness and participation. Such suggestions, along with the author's probing media criticisms, make this book essential reading for anyone concerned about the state of democracy in America.]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>1966</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Robert M. Entman]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1966.Robert_M_Entman]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.94</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>17</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1989</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">6167176</id>
  <isbn>0898433096</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780898433098</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Transition to an IP Environment]]>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6167176.Transition_to_an_IP_Environment</link>
  <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
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    <![CDATA[]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>1966</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Robert M. Entman]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <average_rating>3.94</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>17</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2001</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">5775861</id>
  <isbn>0195053133</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780195053135</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Democracy Without Citizens: Media and the Decay of American Politics]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/5775861.Democracy_Without_Citizens_Media_and_the_Decay_of_American_Politics</link>
  <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>0</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&quot;The free press cannot be free,&quot; Robert Entman asserts. &quot;Inevitably, it is dependent.&quot;  In this penetrating critique of American journalism and the political process, Entman identifies a &quot;vicious circle of interdependence&quot; as the key dilemma facing reporters and editors.  To become sophisticated citizens, he argues, Americans need high-quality, independent political journalism; yet, to stay in business while producing such journalism, news organizations would need an audience of sophisticated citizens.  As Entman shows, there is no easy way out of this dilemma, which has encouraged the decay of democratic citizenship as well as the media's continuing failure to live up to their own highest ideals.  Addressing widespread despair over the degeneration of presidential campaigns, Entman argues that the media system virtually compels politicians to practice demagoguery.<br/>       Entman confronts a provocative array of issues:  how the media's reliance on elite groups and individuals for information inevitably slants the news, despite adherence to objectivity standards; why the media hold government accountable for its worst errors--such as scandals and foreign misadventures--only after it's too late to prevent them; how the interdependence of the media and their audience molds public opinion in ways neither group alone can control; why greater media competition does not necessarily mean better journalism; why the abolition of the FCC's Fairness Doctrine could make things worse.  Entman sheds fascinating light on important news events of the past decade.  He compares, for example, coverage of the failed hostage rescue in 1980, which subjected President Carter to a barrage of criticism, with coverage of the 1983 bombing that killed 241 Marines in Lebanon, an incident in which President Reagan largely escaped blame.  He shows how various factors unrelated to the reality of the events themselves--the apparent popularity of Reagan and unpopularity of Carter, differences in the way the Presidents publically framed the incidents, the potent symbols skillfully manipulated by Reagan's but not by Carter's news managers--produced two very different kinds of reportage.<br/>       Entman concludes with some thoughtful suggestions for improvement. Chiefly, he proposes the creation of subsidized, party-based news outlets as a way of promoting new modes of news gathering and analysis, of spurring the established media to more innovative coverage, and of increasing political awareness and participation. Such suggestions, along with the author's probing media criticisms, make this book essential reading for anyone concerned about the state of democracy in America.]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>1966</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Robert M. Entman]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1966.Robert_M_Entman]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.94</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>17</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1989</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">2844615</id>
  <isbn>0226210715</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780226210711</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Projections of Power: Framing News, Public Opinion, and U.S. Foreign Policy]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2844615.Projections_of_Power_Framing_News_Public_Opinion_and_U_S_Foreign_Policy</link>
  <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>0</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;To succeed in foreign policy, U.S. presidents have to sell their versions or framings of political events to the news media and to the public. But since the end of the Cold War, journalists have increasingly resisted presidential views, even offering their own spin on events. What, then, determines whether the media will accept or reject the White House perspective? And what consequences does this new media environment have for policymaking and public opinion?<br/><br/>To answer these questions, Robert M. Entman develops a powerful new model of how media framing works&#8212;a model that allows him to explain why the media cheered American victories over small-time dictators in Grenada and Panama but barely noticed the success of far more difficult missions in Haiti and Kosovo. Discussing the practical implications of his model, Entman also suggests ways to more effectively encourage the exchange of ideas between the government and the media and between the media and the public. His book will be an essential guide for political scientists, students of the media, and anyone interested in the increasingly influential role of the media in foreign policy.&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>1966</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Robert M. Entman]]></name>
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    <average_rating>3.94</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>17</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2003</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">1830218</id>
  <isbn>9996394271</isbn>
  <isbn13>9789996394270</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Issues in Telecommunications Regulation and Competition: Early Policy Perspectives from the States]]>
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  <image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1830218.Issues_in_Telecommunications_Regulation_and_Competition_Early_Policy_Perspectives_from_the_States</link>
  <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
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    <![CDATA[]]>
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<authors>
    <author>
    <id>1966</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Robert M. Entman]]></name>
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    <average_rating>3.94</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>17</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1985</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">1830217</id>
  <isbn>0898431301</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780898431308</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Competition at the Local Loop: Policies and Implications (State Telecommunications Regulation Series)]]>
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  <image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1830217.Competition_at_the_Local_Loop_Policies_and_Implications</link>
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    <![CDATA[]]>
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<authors>
    <author>
    <id>1966</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Robert M. Entman]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <average_rating>3.94</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>17</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
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  </authors>  <published>1994</published>
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