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  <id>17241</id>
  <name><![CDATA[Michel de Montaigne]]></name>
  <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/17241.Michel_de_Montaigne]]></link>
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  <about><![CDATA[Michel Eyquem de Montaigne was one of the most influential writers of the French Renaissance. Montaigne is known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre. He became famous for his effortless ability to merge serious intellectual speculation with casual anecdotes and autobiography — and his massive volume Essais (translated literally as &quot;Attempts&quot;) contains, to this day, some of the most widely influential essays ever written. Montaigne had a direct influence on writers the world over, from William Shakespeare to René Descartes, from Ralph Waldo Emerson to Stephan Zweig, from Friedrich Nietzsche to Jean-Jacques Rousseau. He was a conservative and earnest Catholic but, as a result of his anti-dogmatic cast of mind, he is considered the father, alongside his contemporary and intimate friend Étienne de La Boétie, of the 'anti-conformist' tradition in French lierature.<br/>In his own time, Montaigne was admired more as a statesman then as an author. The tendency in his essays to digress into anecdotes and personal ruminations was seen as detrimental to proper style rather than as an innovation, and his declaration that, 'I am myself the matter of my book', was viewed by his contemporaries as self-indulgent. In time, however, Montaigne would be recognized as embodying, perhaps better than any other author of his time, the spirit of freely entertaining doubt which began to emerge at that time. He is most famously known for his skeptical remark, 'Que sais-je?' ('What do I know?'). Remarkably modern even to readers today, Montaigne's attempt to examine the world through the lens of the only thing he can depend on implicitly — his own judgment — makes him more accessible to modern readers than any other author of the Renaissance. Much of modern literary non-fiction has found inspiration in Montaigne, and writers of all kinds continue to read him for his masterful balance of intellectual knowledge and personal story-telling.]]></about>
  <influences><![CDATA[]]></influences>
  <gender>male</gender>
  <hometown></hometown>
  <born_at>1533/02/28</born_at>
  <died_at>1592/09/13</died_at>
  
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        <book>
  <id type="integer">30735</id>
  <isbn>0140446044</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780140446043</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">36</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[The Complete Essays]]>
  </title>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/30735.The_Complete_Essays</link>
  <average_rating>4.30</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>442</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[In 1572, Montaigne retired to his estates in order to devote himself to leisure, reading and reflection. There he wrote his constantly expanding 'essays', inspired by the ideas he found in books from his library and his own experience. He discusses subjects as diverse as war-horses and cannibals, poetry and politics, sex and religion, love and friendship, ecstasy and experience. Above all, Montaigne studied himself to find his own inner nature and that of humanity. The Essays are among the most idiosyncratic and personal works in all literature. An insight into a wise Renaissance mind, they continue to engage, enlighten and entertain modern readers.]]>
  </description>
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    <id>17241</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Michel de Montaigne]]></name>
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    <average_rating>4.19</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>895</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>95</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1580</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">30741</id>
  <isbn>0140446028</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780140446029</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">12</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Montaigne: Essays: A Selection]]>
  </title>
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  <average_rating>4.01</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>111</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[To overcome a crisis of melancholy after the death of his father, Montaigne withdrew to his country estates and began to write, and in the highly original essays that resulted he discussed themes such as fathers and children, conscience and cowardice, coaches and cannibals, and, above all, himself. &quot;On Some Lines of Virgil&quot; opens out into a frank discussion of sexuality and makes a revolutionary case for the equality of the sexes. In &quot;On Experience&quot; he superbly propounds his thoughts on the right way to live, while other essays touch on issues of an age struggling with religious and intellectual strife, with France torn apart by civil war. These diverse subjects are united by Montaigne's distinctive voice - that of a tolerant man, sceptical, humane, often humorous and utterly honest in his pursuit of the truth.]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>17241</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Michel de Montaigne]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/17241.Michel_de_Montaigne]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.19</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>895</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>95</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1973</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">662867</id>
  <isbn>185715259X</isbn>
  <isbn13>9781857152593</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">6</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[The Complete Works]]>
  </title>
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  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1176887155s/662867.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/662867.The_Complete_Works</link>
  <average_rating>4.16</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>32</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[Humanist, skeptic, acute observer of himself and others, Michel de Montaigne (1533&#8212;92) was the first to use the term &#8220;essay&#8221; to refer to the form he pioneered, and he has remained one of its most famous practitioners. He reflected on the great themes of existence in his wise and engaging writings, his subjects ranging from proper conversation and good reading, to the raising of children and the endurance of pain, from solitude, destiny, time, and custom, to truth, consciousness, and death. Having stood the test of time, his essays continue to influence writers nearly five hundred years later.<br/><br/>Also included in this complete edition of his works are Montaigne&#8217;s letters and his travel journal, fascinating records of the experiences and contemplations that would shape and infuse his essays. Montaigne speaks to us always in a personal voice in which his virtues of tolerance, moderation, and understanding are dazzlingly manifest.<br/><br/>Donald M. Frame&#8217;s masterful translation is widely acknowledged to be the classic English version.]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>17241</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Michel de Montaigne]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/17241.Michel_de_Montaigne]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.19</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>895</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>95</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1958</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">865876</id>
  <isbn>0141018860</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780141018867</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">5</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Penguin Great Ideas : On Friendship]]>
  </title>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/865876.Penguin_Great_Ideas_On_Friendship</link>
  <average_rating>3.53</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>30</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[Expresses views on relationships and contemplates the idea that man is no different from any animal. The author argues that all cultures should be respected, and attempts, to understand the nature of humanity. He brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas helped make us who we are.<br/>]]>
  </description>
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    <author>
    <id>17241</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Michel de Montaigne]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/17241.Michel_de_Montaigne]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.19</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>895</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>95</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2004</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">117593</id>
  <isbn>0872206793</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780872206793</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Apology for Raymond Sebond]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1171740305m/117593.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1171740305s/117593.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/117593.Apology_for_Raymond_Sebond</link>
  <average_rating>3.75</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>16</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[Under the pretense of defending an obscure treatise by a Catalan theologian, Montaigne attacks the philosophers who attempt rational explanations of the universe and argues for a skeptical Christianity based squarely on faith rather than reason. The result is the Apology for Raymond Sebond, a classic of Counter-Reformation thought and a masterpiece of Renaissance literature.  <p>This new translation by Roger Ariew and Marjorie Grene achieves both accuracy and fluency, conveying at once the nuances of Montaigne's arguments and his distinctive literary style.</p>]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>17241</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Michel de Montaigne]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://photo.goodreads.com/authors/1222364926p5/17241.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/17241.Michel_de_Montaigne]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.19</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>895</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>95</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1988</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">1425073</id>
  <isbn>2080702106</isbn>
  <isbn13>9782080702104</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Essais 1]]>
  </title>
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  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1183486165s/1425073.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1425073.Essais_1</link>
  <average_rating>3.75</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>4</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&quot;Lecteur, je suis moi-même la matière de mon livre&quot; : c'est ce surprenant aveu de subjectivité qui ouvre l'un des textes les plus modernes de la littérature française, quoique l'un des plus anciens. À la mort de son ami La Boétie, Montaigne décide en effet de prendre la plume pour perpétuer leurs discussions si fécondes. Sur ce mode autobiographique, tous les sujets seront abordés, de l'amitié à l'éducation, de la philosophie à la lecture, de la religion à la mort des hommes. En s'observant lui-même, Montaigne fait ainsi le tour de l'homme, proposant une réflexion essentielle sur sa place dans le monde et sur le champ d'action de la pensée humaine. <p>Au siècle de Rabelais, des poètes de la Pléiade et de l'humanisme européen, l'oeuvre de Montaigne reste une météorite inclassable, entre écriture personnelle et monument philosophique. Oeuvre d'un homme engagé dans son temps, les <em>Essais</em> allaient fonder toute une tradition d'écriture à la française, de Pascal à Malraux, de Rousseau à Camus. <em>--Karla Manuele</em> </p>]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>17241</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Michel de Montaigne]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://photo.goodreads.com/authors/1222364926p5/17241.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://photo.goodreads.com/authors/1222364926p2/17241.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/17241.Michel_de_Montaigne]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.19</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>895</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>95</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1898</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">2287656</id>
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  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Sellected Essays  The Translation of Donald M. Frame]]>
  </title>
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  <small_image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2287656.Sellected_Essays_The_Translation_of_Donald_M_Frame</link>
  <average_rating>4.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>3</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>17241</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Michel de Montaigne]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://photo.goodreads.com/authors/1222364926p5/17241.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://photo.goodreads.com/authors/1222364926p2/17241.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/17241.Michel_de_Montaigne]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.19</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>895</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>95</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1947</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">662869</id>
  <isbn>0146000374</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780146000379</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">1</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Four Essays: Michel de Montaigne (Penguin 60s)]]>
  </title>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/662869.Four_Essays_Michel_de_Montaigne</link>
  <average_rating>4.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>3</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[Four essays from Michel de Montaigne's &quot;The Complete Essays.&quot;]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>17241</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Michel de Montaigne]]></name>
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    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://photo.goodreads.com/authors/1222364926p2/17241.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/17241.Michel_de_Montaigne]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.19</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>895</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>95</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1995</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">5533233</id>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Harvard Classics, Vol. 32: Literary and Philosophical Essays]]>
  </title>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/5533233.Harvard_Classics_Vol_32_Literary_and_Philosophical_Essays</link>
  <average_rating>5.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>2</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[The 13 works of 7 continental authors span 3 centuries of philosophy from Montaigne to Schiller and literary criticism from Sainte-Beuve and Mazzini.]]>
  </description>
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    <author>
    <id>17241</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Michel de Montaigne]]></name>
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    <average_rating>4.19</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>895</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>95</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
    <author>
    <id>11038</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Immanuel Kant]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/11038.Immanuel_Kant]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.76</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>4329</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>308</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
    <author>
    <id>7723</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7723.Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.30</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>512</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>29</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
    <author>
    <id>304584</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Ernest Renan]]></name>
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    <average_rating>4.11</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>9</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>2</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
    <author>
    <id>530476</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/530476.Charles_Augustin_Sainte_Beuve]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.50</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>4</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>1</text_reviews_count>
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    <author>
    <id>1399243</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Friedrich von Schiller]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1399243.Friedrich_von_Schiller]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.60</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>1155</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>68</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
    <author>
    <id>50672</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Giuseppe Mazzini]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/50672.Giuseppe_Mazzini]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.83</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>6</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>0</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2007</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">1277747</id>
  <isbn>8437606578</isbn>
  <isbn13>9788437606576</isbn13>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Ensayos, II]]>
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  <average_rating>5.00</average_rating>
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  <description>
    <![CDATA[]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>17241</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Michel de Montaigne]]></name>
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    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://photo.goodreads.com/authors/1222364926p2/17241.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/17241.Michel_de_Montaigne]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.19</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>895</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>95</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1973</published>
</book>

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