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Frances Ellen Watkins Harper

Author profile

born

September 24, 1825 in Baltimore, The United States

died

February 22, 1911

gender

female

genre

Poetry, Literature & Fiction, Nonfiction

About this author

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Born to free parents in Baltimore, Maryland. After her mother died when she was three years old in 1828, Watkins was orphaned. She was raised by her aunt and uncle. She was educated at the Academy for Negro Youth, a school run by her uncle Rev. William Watkins, who was a civil rights activist. He was a major influence on her life and work.[1][2] At fourteen, she found work as a seamstress.

Frances Watkins had her first volume of verse, Forest Leaves, published in 1845 (it has been lost). Her second book, Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects, published in 1854, was extremely popular. Over the next few years, it was reprinted in 20 editions. Many African American women's service clubs named themselves in her honor, and across the nation, in cities...more Born to free parents in Baltimore, Maryland. After her mother died when she was three years old in 1828, Watkins was orphaned. She was raised by her aunt and uncle. She was educated at the Academy for Negro Youth, a school run by her uncle Rev. William Watkins, who was a civil rights activist. He was a major influence on her life and work.[1][2] At fourteen, she found work as a seamstress.

Frances Watkins had her first volume of verse, Forest Leaves, published in 1845 (it has been lost). Her second book, Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects, published in 1854, was extremely popular. Over the next few years, it was reprinted in 20 editions. Many African American women's service clubs named themselves in her honor, and across the nation, in cities such as St. Louis, St. Paul, and Pittsburgh, F. E. W. Harper Leagues and Frances E. Harper Women's Christian Temperance Unions thrived well into the twentieth century.[3]

In 1850, Watkins moved to Ohio, where she worked as the first woman teacher at Union Seminary, established by the Ohio Conference of the AME Church. (Union closed in 1863 when the AME Church diverted its funds to purchase Wilberforce University.) The school in Wilberforce was run by the Rev. John Brown (not the same as the abolitionist). In 1853, Watkins joined the American Anti-Slavery Society and became a traveling lecturer for the group. In 1854, Watkins delivered her first anti-slavery speech on “Education and the Elevation of Colored Race”. The success of this speech resulted a two-year lecture tour in Maine for the Anti-Slavery Society. She traveled, lecturing throughout the East and Midwest from 1856 to 1860. In 1859, her story “The Two Offers” was published in the Anglo-African Magazine, a great accomplishment as it became the first short story to ever be published by an African American.

In 1860, she married Fenton Harper, a widower with three children. They had a daughter together in 1862. For a time Frances withdrew from the lecture circuit. However, after her husband Fenton died in 1864, Watkins returned to her travels and lecturing.

Frances Harper was a strong supporter of prohibition and woman's suffrage. She was also active in the Unitarian Church, which supported abolition. She often would read her poetry at the public meetings, including the extremely popular Bury Me in a Free Land. She was connected with national leaders in suffrage, and in 1866 gave a moving speech before the National Women's Rights Convention, demanding equal rights for all, including black women. Watkins was very involved in black organizations. From 1883 to 1890, she helped organize activities for the National Woman’s Christian temperance Union.

She also continued with her writing and continued to publish poetry. In 1892 she published Iola Leroy, or Shadows Uplifted. One of the first novels by an African-American woman, it sold well and was reviewed widely.[4]

Harper continued with her political activism. She helped organize the National Association of Colored Women in 1896, and was later elected vice president in 1897.

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Average rating: 3.15 · 265 ratings · 29 reviews · 17 distinct works

	Iola Leroy: Shadows Uplifted 3.04 avg rating — 207 ratings — published 1892 — 35 editions	My rating:
	Minnie's Sacrifice, Sowing and Reaping, Trial and Triumph: Three Rediscovered Novels by Frances E.W. Harper (Black Women Writers Series) by Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Frances Smith Foster (Editor) 3.22 avg rating — 9 ratings — published 1994 — 4 editions	My rating:
	Poems of Frances E. W. Harper 3.57 avg rating — 7 ratings — published 1854 — 12 editions	My rating:
	Minnie's Sacrifice 2.75 avg rating — 4 ratings — published 2004 — 8 editions	My rating:
	Trial and Triumph 3.50 avg rating — 2 ratings — 10 editions	My rating:
	Trial and Triumph 4.00 avg rating — 1 rating — published 2007	My rating:
	Sowing And Reaping 3.00 avg rating — 2 ratings — published 2004 — 8 editions	My rating:
	Iola Leroy, Or, Shadows Uplifted 0.00 avg rating — 0 ratings	My rating:
	Poems 0.00 avg rating — 0 ratings	My rating:
	Collected Works of Frances Ellen Watkins Harper 0.00 avg rating — 0 ratings — 2 editions	My rating:

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Quotes by Frances Ellen Watkins Harper

“Every mother should be a true artist, who knows how to weave into her child's life images of grace and beauty, the true poet capable of writing on the soul of childhood the harmony of love and truth, and teaching it how to produce the grandest of all poems - the poetry of a true and noble life.”
― Frances Ellen Watkins Harper

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Frances Ellen Watkins Harper

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combine editionsBooks by Frances Ellen Watkins Harper

Quotes by Frances Ellen Watkins Harper

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Books by Frances Ellen Watkins Harper