false 64309 111185 0141182156 9780141182155 3 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/111185.Physics_and_Philosophy 3.64 44 64309 3.91 123 15 1958 167666 0049250205 9780049250208 2 http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1212170265m/167666.jpg http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1212170265s/167666.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/167666.Physics_and_Beyond 4.13 23 The mutually contrary philosophies of Einstein & Bohr produced Heisenberg's two inconsistent philosophies of quantum theory. Bohr's influence resulted in his doctrine of closed-off theories in his "Notion of a 'Closed Theory' in Modern Science" in his Across the Frontiers.
The alternative, the contemporary pragmatist philosophy of science, is due to a conversation with Einstein as related in Heisenberg's "Quantum Mechanics & a Talk with Einstein (1925-26)", 5th chapter. Einstein told Heisenberg that it's the theory that decides what the physicist can observe. This view of the semantics of observation contradicts not only the views of Bohr & the positivists but also Heisenberg's own doctrine of closed-off theories.
In the next chapter, "Fresh Fields (1926-27)", Heisenberg described his implementation of Einstein's advice: 1st he reconsidered the idea that what's observed in the cloud chamber is a trajectory, such that the theory that was deciding what is being observed is the Newtonian theory.
2nd, using Einstein's thesis that the theory decides what can be observed, he concluded that the processes involved in any experimental observation in microphysics must satisfy quantum theory laws. He then derived the mathematics of the uncertainty principle, in which the observations are governed by a limit that is a function of Plank's constant.
Heisenberg's reinterpretation is both semantical & ontological. He described as the "decisive" step in the development of special relativity, Einstein's rejection of Lorentz's distinction between "apparent time" & "actual time" in the interpretation of the Lorentz transformation equation, & Einstein's taking "apparent time" to be physically real time, while rejecting the Newtonian concept of absolute time as real time.
This is a realistic interpretation of relativity theory. Heisenberg applied it to his quantum theory. Therefore instead of asking himself how he could express in the Newtonian mathematical scheme a given experimental situation, notably the Wilson cloud chamber experiment, he asked whether only such experimental situations can arise in nature as can be described in the formalism of his matrix mechanics. The new question is a question about what can arise or exist in reality. Today academic pragmatist philosophers of science call this interpretative practice "scientific realism."--Thomas J. Hickey (edited)
]]> 64309 3.91 123 15 1971 111201 0486601137 9780486601137 0 http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1171649035m/111201.jpg http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1171649035s/111201.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/111201.Physical_Principles_of_the_Quantum_Theory 3.92 12 64309 3.91 123 15 1930 211249 0918024153 9780918024152 1 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/211249.Philosophical_Problems_of_Quantum_Physics 4.25 4 64309 3.91 123 15 1979 111206 0691024332 9780691024332 0 http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1171649040m/111206.jpg http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1171649040s/111206.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/111206.Encounters_with_Einstein 3.33 3 In nine essays and lectures composed in the last years of his life, Werner Heisenberg offers a bold appraisal of the scientific method in the twentieth century--and relates its philosophical impact on contemporary society and science to the particulars of molecular biology, astrophysics, and related disciplines. Are the problems we define and pursue freely chosen according to our conscious interests? Or does the historical process itself determine which phenomena merit examination at any one time? Heisenberg discusses these issues in the most far-ranging philosophical terms, while illustrating them with specific examples.

]]> 64309 3.91 123 15 1989 6592697 3423009039 9783423009034 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6592697-der-teil-und-das-ganze-gespr-che-im-umkreis-der-atomphysik 4.50 2 64309 3.91 123 15 1995 538754 315009948X 9783150099483 0 http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1175630842m/538754.jpg http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1175630842s/538754.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/538754.Quantentheorie_und_Philosophie_Vorlesungen_Aufs_tze 4.00 2 64309 3.91 123 15 1979 1977113 0918024803 9780918024800 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1977113.Across_the_Frontiers 4.00 1 64309 3.91 123 15 1975 538785 0837131073 9780837131078 1 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/538785.The_Physicist_s_Conception_of_Nature 3.00 1 64309 3.91 123 15 1970 6645032 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6645032-das-naturbild-der-heutigen-physik 3.00 1 64309 3.91 123 15 1955 7057775 3492029256 9783492029254 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7057775-gesammelte-werke-5-bde-bd-1-physik-und-erkenntnis-1927-1955 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 2001 4711293 3540138471 9783540138471 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/4711293.Collected_Works_Series_A_Part_II_Original_Scientific_Papers 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 64314 0.0 0 0 713287 0.0 0 0 860315 0.0 0 0 1989 2405142 3492029299 9783492029292 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2405142.Wissenschaft_und_Politik_Gesammelte_Werke_5 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 713287 0.0 0 0 860315 0.0 0 0 1987 4037310 038713400X 9780387134000 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/4037310.Abteilung_Gesammelte_Werke_1 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 1985 7057771 3492019951 9783492019958 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7057771-schritte-ber-grenzen-gesammelte-reden-und-aufs-tze 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 1983 7057772 3492029280 9783492029285 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7057772-gesammelte-werke-5-bde-bd-4-biographisches-und-kernphysik 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 1986 7057773 3540130209 9783540130208 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7057773-gesammelte-werke-abt-b 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 64314 0.0 0 0 713287 0.0 0 0 860315 0.0 0 0 1994 7057774 3492019226 9783492019224 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7057774-schritte-ber-grenzen 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 1971 7057734 354013400X 9783540134008 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7057734-heisenberg 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 1985 7057776 3492103367 9783492103367 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7057776-schritte-ber-grenzen-gesammelte-reden-und-aufs-tze 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 1998 3438199 0826400639 9780826400635 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3438199.Tradition_in_Science 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 1982 6592696 3492030807 9783492030809 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6592696-der-teil-und-das-ganze-sonderausgabe-gespr-che-im-umkreis-der-atomphy 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 1986 4517550 3784429009 9783784429007 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/4517550.Liebe_Eltern_Briefe_aus_kritischer_Zeit_1918_bis_1945 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 2003 2384380 3492029264 9783492029261 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2384380.Physik_und_Erkenntnis_1956_68_Gesammelte_Werke_2 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 713287 0.0 0 0 860315 0.0 0 0 1984 2452594 0900615044 9780900615047 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2452594.Natural_Law_and_the_Structure_of_Matter 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 1970 3377449 3492029272 9783492029278 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3377449.Physik_und_Erkenntnis_1969_76_Gesammelte_Werke_3 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 713287 0.0 0 0 860315 0.0 0 0 1985 3989731 3932513657 9783932513657 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3989731.Die_Verkn_pfung_von_Physik_und_Philosophie_Originaltonaufnahmen_1951_67 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 2006 3368741 5020269107 0 http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1212170778m/3368741.jpg http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1212170778s/3368741.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3368741._ 0.0 0 В книге выдающегося физика-теоретика, одного из создателей квантовой механики и общей теории поля, лауреата Нобелевской премии Вернера Гейзенберга дается теоретико-познавательное, гносеологическое осмысление новейших научных достижений, путей развития теоретической физики. Раздел "Часть и целое" написан как творческая автобиография ученого, мыслителя и человека, как живое свидетельство эпохи становления квантовой механики и первых шагов атомной физики.
]]> 64309 3.91 123 15 1421891 0.0 0 0 2006 488639 0470369000 9780470369005 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/488639.Introduction_to_the_Unified_Field_Theory_of_Elementary_Particles 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 1966 5349709 0387130209 9780387130200 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/5349709.Wissenschaftliche_Ubersichtsartikel_Vorgrage_und_Bucher_Gesammelte_Werke 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 64314 0.0 0 0 860315 0.0 0 0 2032568 0.0 0 0 1984 2167127 0806530332 9780806530338 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2167127.Nuclear_Physics 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 1953 7057729 354013848X 9783540138488 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7057729-w-heisenberg 0.0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 1993 3250510 0387115609 9780387115603 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3250510.Unified_Theories_of_Elementary_Particles_Proceedings_Critical_Assessment_and_Prospects 0.0 0 1379101 0.0 0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 1982 6310913 4622049716 9784622049715 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6310913._ 0.0 0    圧巻は彼とボーア、アインシュタイン、ゾンマーフェルト、パウリ、ディラック、プランク等巨人たちとの対話である。そこではアインシュタインが「サイコロを振る神」の考え方を受け入れられず執拗に食い下がり同僚にいさめられたり、温厚な人柄で知られるボーアがシュレーディンガーと対決しついにシュレーディンガーが熱で倒れるも、ボーアはベッドの横にイスを持ち込んで議論を続けようとしたりと、そこからは巨人たちの姿を生身の人間として感じることができる。キリスト教の聖書は物語と対話によって神の教えがあらわされているが、本書では物語と対話によって物理学の巨人たちの教えがあらわされている。その言葉には重みがあり本書を開くたびに新たな発見がある。（別役 匝）

]]> 2866369 0.0 0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 2829402 0.0 0 0 1999 6310915 4622071967 9784622071969 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6310915._ 0.0 0 2866374 0.0 0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 2866375 0.0 0 0 2006 6310916 440993001X 9784409930014 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6310916._ 0.0 0 2866376 0.0 0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 2866377 0.0 0 0 1998 6310917 4622073587 9784622073581 0 http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6310917._2_ 0.0 0 2866376 0.0 0 0 64309 3.91 123 15 2866378 0.0 0 0 2008